Air Bags

Air Bags
The air bags are the important thing to have in the car because they povide front ,sides and overhead protection for the driver and all the passengers. The air bags are active as soon as you are involved in an accident and it protects you from heavy injuries. For the front crash the air bag will only deploy only if it is more than 20k/h. The air bags could be single stage and dual stage. The single stage is when the air bag is deploys 100% when activated whereas the dual-stage air bag will deploy 70% of charge in the first stage of deployment the 30% will deploy if required.

Deployment of Air Bag during Front Collision

1. Before deployment - the air bag is enclosed within the pad in the centre of the steering wheel.
2. Deployment - the air bag assembly prduces a nitrogen gas to inflate the air bag. The expanding bag will split open the plastic trim of the steering pad. This allows the air bag to unfold and rapidly expand.
3. Restraint - the air bag inflates fully in 30milliseconds, which is about as quick as the blink of an eye. The head and upper body of the driver are thrown forward by the crash and cushioned by the air bag.

Side Air Bags

They are mounted to the edge of the seat - back frame and secured by the studs and nuts. When deployed, the air bag bursts through its cover, then through the foam and fabric of the seat back to provide a cushion between the passenger and the side of the vehicle.

Electronic Stability Program (ESP)

What is Electronic Stability Program (ESP)?
It is an active safety system in the early year vehicles and a lot more effective then ABS and TCS. This uses an extra electronic control to operate the brakes, in conjunction with ABS just to provide vehicle stability this is applied during the cornering. ABS has the illigibilty to sense the need of brake to be applied or to release the brake on each wheel and this is where the ESP makes use of this facility. In the simple terms the comparison of an electronic stability program (ESP) with the other ssytems is that the anti-lock braking system (ABS) prevents the wheels from locking and skidding and the traction control system (TCS) prevents the wheels from spinning during the snowy and dry road conditions whereby the electronic stability control (ESP)provides steering stability and also it can stabilise steering by intervention in two diferent ways firstly by braking selected wheels, or by acclerating the driving wheels which helps the vehicle to be stable on the road.

The parts and sensors Electronic Stability Program (ESP) has and there Functions:

1. Yaw sensor - this detects any tendency for the vehicle to rotate about its axis. It also detects any sideways movement (lateral acceleration) of the vehicle.


2. Steering wheel angle sensor - this registers the turning angle of the steering wheel. It provides an input from the driver that indicates the direction in which the vehicle is intended to be steered.


3. Pressure sensor - this sensor monitors the brake pressure in the system as applied by the driver.


4. Wheel sensors - these signals the wheels speed.
   
5. Hydraulic modulator - this is responsible for applying the brakes and controlling the brake pressure.


6. Brakes - these are selectively applied by the hydraulic modulator.


7. PCM - this engine control module is directed to control the engine functions.


8. Ignition timing - controlled by the PCM the ignition timing is retarded to reduce engine torque.


9. Fuel injection - also controlled by the PCM, injection is reduced to decrease engine torque.


10. Throttle valve - this is closed to reduce engine torque, also controlled by the PCM.

Vehicle Stability

It is the direction in which the vehicle is travelling and therefore controlled as far as possible by the ESP. Mostly the vehicle's travel in the direction at which the driver controls the steering. Sometimes the other forces can also be taken over and the direction may change compared to the desired direction. There are three types of axes vertical axis, transverse axis and the longitudinal axis at which the movement can occur.

Conditions that Influence Vehicle Operation

1. Centrifugal force - this is an outward force on curves that increase with speed. It can cause lateral instability and produce an overturning force.
2. Weather conditions - poor conditions reduce visibility and create slippery road surfaces. Side winds can cause lateral in stability.
3. Road surfaces - various types of road surfaces have the different frictional affect on the tyres. This can be affect the braking, tarction, side slip while cornering.
4. Driver fatigue - causes drowsiness and slow reactions.
5. Load conditions - force and vehicle stability will be different with light and heavy load.

Understeer and Oversteer

Understeer relates to the vehicle's tendency to steer wide on corners. The front of the vehicle tends to slip more than rear therefore to be in the control the driver have to steer more into the curve for the vehicle to maintain its desired track whereas the oversteer the vehicle's rear end tends to swing wide on the corners and so the driver have to steer to a lesser degree on a curve for the vehicle to remain on track.

Vehicle's with and without ESP.

With the ESP the brakes are automatically applied to help in steering in the right direction. The right-front brake is applied on a left bend so that the vehicle is in the centre of the lane then the left-front brake is a applied on right bend so that the vehicle is in the right direction and keeps the vehicle in regular track whereas without ESP if you driving fast at the corners the vehicle maybe out off the road because the front of the car is steered into curve and rear tends to follow up therefore correction might fail and loose track of the road.

Traction Control System (TCS)

What is traction Control System (TCS)?
The main function of the traction control system is to prevent wheel spin and regain the traction on the tyres. For example if you are driving the vehicle at the excessive speed the wheels could may result in spinning on particullarly soft, slippery, or gravel road surfaces. During these type of conditions of the road the traction control system is operational to reduce engine torque and also reduce the traction between the tyres of the driving wheels and the road surface. Traction control system also assists in the steering therefore if the vehicle is accelarating on the curve the driver may understeer to compensate and may also intend to slacken off the accelerator. Traction control with a steering sensor can be used to reduce traction automatically and improve driving safety.

The arrangement of Traction Control Unit
The ABS/TCS hydraulic modulator is the same as the ABS except there is an extra valve added.The ECU holds up all the electronic programs in the vehicle therefore it receives inputs from the front and rear wheel sensors as well as from the engine's power control modulator (PCM) and then the output signals are send to the ABS/TCS mudulator and then to the engine's PCM.The PCM then receives signals from acceleration pedal and also from other sources and for the traction control system it sends signal to the engine's fuel and ignition system.

The Operation of the Traction Control Unit
Its operation is to reduce engine torque and to reduce traction between tyres and the road and it also uses ABS to prevent the car from wheel spin while braking.

Three ways in which the engine torque is decreased:

1. By reducing or cutting off fuel from the injectors.
2. By retarding the ignition.
3. By closing the throttle valve

An ABS has a extra program that is for the traction control and also there is additional valves in the modulator. The ABS / TCS sends the TCS signal to the PCM illustrating it to reduce the engine torque during the soft, slippery and gravel road surface conditions. The engine ECU then takes the control and reduces the fuel from the injectors, retards the ignition and closes the throttle valve. The traction control unit is active over time but it enables it to do its fuction when it is neccesary therfore when the wheel starts to spin and looses traction on the tyres and the light will flash at the dash board when it is in operation. Depending on the manufacturer some of the cars have got the "on" and "off" switch for the traction control in the vehicle.

Traction Control and the ABS

The ABS operates in the conjunction with the traction control unit. In the ABS the hydraulic modulator is using the internal hydraulic pump to boost therefore it reduces the pressure of the master cylinder whereas the traction control unit uses the hydraulic pressure from the pump without the driver applying the brakes. In this there are priming and switching valves which is operated by the ECU, opened and closed to control th brake fluidflowing to and from the master cylinder.

Electronic Throttle Control For TCS

The device which can be used with the traction control is the "drive by wire" and the "electronic throttle control". When the accelerator pedal is connected to an electronic sensor which signals the "TP" to the engine ECU then it operates the servo motor which is fitted to the throttle valve. During the normal braking when the traction control is not working then the signals are passing through the engine ECU and servo motor opens the throttle in acception to accelerate pedal movement. When the traction control is in use then the engine ECU receieves signals from the antilock braking system / traction control ECU and adjusts the opening of the throttle valve.

The functions of the Traction Control

1. Traction Control ECU - receives the information from various sources and signals the engine control module to reduce engine output when this is required.
2. Engine ECU - it operates the vacuum and vent solemoid valves to control vacuum at the vaccuum actuator.
3. ABS ECU - it converts wheel speed sensor signals and sends information to the traction control ECU.
4. Transaxle ECU - it sends signals from the automatic transmission to the traction control ECU.
5. Steering wheel sensor - its sends a steering wheel angle signal to the traction control ECU.
6. Accelerator position sensor - detects accelerator movement and sends signals to the traction control ECU.
7. Stop lamp switch - it sends the signal to thr traction control ECU when the brake pedal is pushed.
8. Vacuum actuator - which opens or closes the throttle valve to reduce engine torque.
9. Vacuum tank - it provides vacuum to operate the vacuum actuator.
10. Vacuum solenoid valves - it regulates vacuum by opening o closing passages between the vacuum tank and the vaccum actuator.

Anti-Braking System (ABS) Notes

What is ABS?
It is an antilock brake system (ABS) which prevents the wheel from locking during heavy braking. ABS controls the hydraulic pressure for all four of the wheels of a vehicle during the heavy braking and when driving in uneven surface or driving during slippery roads. Without the ABS if you apply the heavy brake the all four wheels could be locked therefore you can not steer the vehicle and the tyres will be skidding.

ABS prevents the brakes from locking and the wheels from skidding by modulating the hydraulic preesure in the brake system. It can hold the brake pressure , it can decrease the brake pressure or restore brake pressure to provide the most effective braking according to the condition of the road.

The operation of the ABS is just like the driver of the vehicle pumping the brake pedal so that the brakes are applied and prevents accidents. The ABS does this automatically and a lot more effectively than the driver.

ABS and its electronic controls enables the traction control to be fitted a vehicle. The traction control uses the ABS components in opposite way in braking. The brake are used during the ABS control and therefore it prevents wheel spin during the accelaration.


Here are the four ABS parts of the system.

1. A hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)


2. An Electronic Control Unit (ECU)


3. Speed sensors at each wheels


4. An electrical circuit

Many system have electronic control units combined with the hydraulic control unit (HCU). This is then called the hydraulic-electric control unit which is mostly known as HECU.

Main components of an ABS are as follows:

• Brake master cylinder


• ECU


• Hydraulic modulator


• Brake lines to wheels


• Wheel Speed Sensor


• Pulse ring

Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU) - is mounted in the engine compartment adjacent to the master cylinder. The hydraulic control unit contains the solenoids valves, hydraulic pumps, non-return valves, accumulators and connecting passages.

Electronic Control Unit (ECU) - the ECU is connected in the hydraulic control unit assembly. The multi pin connector joins the ECU to the harness. The ECU then receives the signals from the wheel sensors from each wheel and processes them and then sends the signals to the HCU to make the recommended changes to the hydraulic pressure. It also operates the warning lights of the ABS.

Wheels Speed Sensor (WSS) - it detects the speed of the vehicle at which they are travelling. The pulse rings are mounted to the differential housing and the pulse rings are fitted to the drive shaft. Four channel systems are used only when the rear indepentent suspension are enabled. The drive shaft has tooth rotor that rotates with the rotating wheel. The small amount of voltage passes through the tooth rotor under the sensors. All these pulses are sent to the ECU as the input signals.

There are three types of channel.

1. Three channel


2. Four channel


3. One channel

Here are the all three types of channels.

These channels refers how the control over the hydraulic brake pressure is organized.

The parts of the Hydraulic Control Unit

1. Master-cylinder reservoir - holds the hydraulic brake fluid for the system.
2. Return Pump and Electric Motor - returns hydraulic fluid to the master cylinder.
3. Accumulator - holds fluid under pressure, during the certain conditions.
4. Inlet Valves - solenoid operated valves that control fluid from the brakes.
5. Outlet Valves - solenoid operated valves that control fluid from the brakes.
6. Bypass Valves - help return fluid to the reservoir when the brakes are releasesd.

Scan Tool Observation

2.1 Find a vehicle that will show CAN system operation an a scan tool (such as the Range Rover).

Which vehicle are you using?
Range Rover

Which scan tool are you using?
Autoboss

2.2 What different functions are available on the scan tool to examine the CAN system?
Pri. ignition
Sec. ignition
Multimeter
DSO
Auto DSO
Eng. Analyzer
Setup

2.3 List the different systems that are controlled by CAN? (note which are high speed and which are low speed)
High > ABS , TSC, ECU, TCU, ESP.
Low > TV, Windows, Body Control Unit, Central door locking, Cooloing fans, alarm, steerings, seats and fuel pump.

CAN - Multiplexing Worksheet

1.0 CAN Waveform on Oscilloscope

1.1 Locate the Range Rover or other suitable vehicle with easily accessible CAN system twisted wires. Which vehicle do you have? ( Year, make, and model).

The Range Rover , Land Rover, 2001.

1.2 Locate a twisted wire pair. Describe where the wires are located:

It is located under the bonnet on the passengers side and connected to the hydraulic Control Unit.

1.3 Record the waveform of one of the wires below: (Make sure your time is small enough so you don't have "aliasing".)

Colour of the wire: Yellow with brown stripe

Time per division: 200ms

Voltage Per Division: 1V per division

1.4 Record the waveform of the other wire in the twisted pair.

Colour of wire: Yellow with black stripe.

Time per division: 200ms

Voltage per division: 1V per division

1.5 What is aliasing? Describe it.

It's a signal , processing , computer graphics and related displines aliasing refers to an effect that cause different continuous signals to be indistinguishable when sampled. When the digital image is viewed it is performed by a diplay or printer device therefore the reconstructed image will differ from the original image and an alias is seen.

1.6 How do you know these waveforms are not "aliasing"?

It is because they are clear to read and understand

1.7 In the 1.3 waveform above, what is the main voltage on the line?

2.5V

What is the other voltage on the line, when the voltage is pulled up or down to "talk"?

1.5V

1.8 In the 1.4 waveform above, what is the main voltage on the line?

2.5V

What is the voltage on the line, when the voltage is pulled up or down to "talk"?

3.5V

1.9 Observe the signals in 1.3 and 1.4 above with a voltmeter. Compare it with DC volts or AC volts setting. Which setting would tell you if the signal is swtching. Explain:

The comparison between the DCV and ACV the AC tells the signal of switching which is illustrating either "on" or "off"

Yellow/Brown DCV = 2.63 and ACV = 0.23

Yellow/Black DCV = 0.26-0.318 and ACV = 0.005

According to the observation we found out by using the volts meter it does not tells the good reading compared to the scan tool.

On-Car Exercises Page 31

2.1 Connect a Scan Tool to the vehicle you are testing and bring up the transmission information. (You may find it in the engine section.)

Which scan tool are you using:

HANATECH

Which vehicle are you using:

Mitsubhishi Galant

2.2 With the vehicle safely on jack stands or a lift (use the proper worksheet for that), safely drive the vehicle to allow it to shift up and down through the gears. View the solenoids as the vehicle shifts up and down. Record which solenoids are on in which gears:

With the shift lever in Drive or Overdrive:

First gear solenoids:

2nd / OD

Second gear solenoids:

LR / OD

Third gear solenoids:

2ND / LR

Fourth gear Solenoids:

LR / UN

View the Torque Converter Clutch as you safely drive the vehicle. Record when it is when it is on or off:

Torque Converter Clutch ON:

The duty cycle of the torque converter clutch didn't come on until 1400rpm had been reached in 3rd gear.

Torque Converter Clutch OFF:

The duty cycle remained off from start up to 1400rpm in 3rd gear.

What effect does the brake pedal have on the Torque Converter Clutch operation?

When we applied the brake pedal, the slip rpm went from 33rpm to 240rpm

Create Shift Chart for your vehicle. Based on the operation of the shifting above, create a shift chart that describe what solenoids are on in which gear:

Shift Solenoids

Shift Solenoids


Which solenoids are "ON" when this vehicle is shifted into Drive and starts out in the first gear?
1st -2nd and 2nd - 3rd gear



Which solenoids are "ON" when this vehicle automatically shifts into second gear?
2nd and 3rd gear


Which solenoids are "ON" when this vehicle automatically shifts into third gear?
None


Which solenoids are "ON" when this vehicle automatically shifts into fourth gear?
1st and 2nd gear



Shift Solenoid Malfunction: Describe what would happen if none of the solenoids came "ON". Could the vehicle drive? What gear would it be in? How fast could the vehicle go? Could it have the Power to climb a hill?
According to the vehicle if all the solenoids were off then the only available gear on the vehicle would be 3rd gear to be used. This is because the 3rd gear does not need any solenoids to be "on" therefore the vehicle will be slow during the intial start and can only use 3rd gear. The vehicle would drive up the hill only if the vehicle is on running start.


Codes: Pick two transmission codes out of repair information, and describe what the code means and what malfunction would cause the code:


Code: LR solenoid Valve Open
This is open because the cable is unplugged


Code: O/D Solenoid Valve Open
This is open due to the cable is unplugged and car is in the 3rd gear.



Diagnosis


For each code listed above, discuss what tests you culd run to diagnose the problem:


1st Problem Testing:
With the vehicle stuck in 3rd gear, we tried shifting the car into different gear but because all the solenoid valves were stuck open and would not close therfore the vehicle would not shift and remains in the 3rd gear.



2nd Problem Testing:
During the 2nd test we plugged the cables back into the transmission and started the car and then we were able to change the gears up and down. I then used the scan tool to check if the valves were closing or not when we changed the gears and it did.

Wiring Diagram

Now you have identified all the appropriate inputs and outputs, sketch a wiring diagram to include all of these components, note include all fuses and power grounds.

Block Diagram

Obtain the appropriate workshop manual ( if available ) or identify all the sensors and actuators from the vehicle you are working on and fill in the following Block Diagram.

Actuator

Electronic Transmissions and Scan Tools

Name: Mohitesh

Date: 06/09/10

Vehicle: Galant

Year: 1996

Engine Size: 2.0


Abbreviations

• PCM - Powertrain Control Module


• TCC - Torque Converter Clutch


• TPS - Throttle Position Sensor


• ECT - Engine Coolant Temperature


• VSS - Vehicle Speed Sensor


• PSA - Transmission Range Fluid Pressure Switch Assembly


• TTS - Transmission Temperature Sensor

Using a Scan Tool

Using a scan tool go to the ABS live data screen and all the sensors, data and what it is telling you.

#CONT DTCS IN MOD----------------------------------- 3

ABS VALV CTRL RELAY --------------------------------ON

ABS WARN LAMP STATUS -----------------------------OFF

BAT POSITIVE VOLT -----------------------------------14.63 V

BRAKE SW IN -------------------------------------------OFF

BREAK WARN LAMP STATE ---------------------------ON

HYDRAUL PUMP MOTOR -----------------------------OFF

HYDRAUL PUMP MOTOR -----------------------------OFF

LF ABS IN VALV ---------------------------------------OFF

LF ABS OUT VALV -------------------------------------OFF

LF WHEEL SPD SENSOR------------------------------- 0 KPH

LR ABS IN VALV ---------------------------------------OFF

LR ABS OUT VALV -------------------------------------OFF

LR WHEEL SPD SENS ----------------------------------0 KPH

RF ABS IN VALV ---------------------------------------OFF

RF ABS OUT VALV -------------------------------------OFF

RF WHEEL SPD SENS ----------------------------------0 KPH

RR ABS OUT VALV -------------------------------------OFF

RR WHEEL SPD SENS ----------------------------------0 KPH

The ABS control relay is correctly operated and provides relevant information and gives a good condition. I did this experiment with the engine running and the gear was placed at the neutral position.

Using the scan tool on the vehicle you have assigned to. Go to the actuator test screen. Note below what component you have tested and what happened when you tested that component and the test results.

These are the actuator conditons which is collected through the scan tool and the results shows that they are in good condition.

ABS Wheel Speed Sensors

On the vehicle that you have been assigned does it use analogue or digital wheel sensors?
It has got the analogue wheel sensor

How did you conclude that the wheel sensors were analogue or digital?
It is because there were only two wires plugged at the connection.

Tutor Signature ____________________

Measure the air gap for each wheel sensor.
State the air gap and visual condition of each wheel sensor

Front Right
0.406mm

Front Left
0.406mm

Rear Right
0.406mm

Rear Left
0.406mm

This above results of the wheel speed sensors are all accurate and same compared with all four wheel speed sensors gap. To measure the gaps between the wheel speed sensor and the rotor I had to use the copper feeler guage so I don't damage the wheel speed sensor than the normal feeler guage because it is the magnetic type wheel speed sensor.


Using an oscilloscope connect it to a wheel sensor and record the pattern shown, If the sensor is a Analogue sensor then just connect then probe and spin the wheel. If the sensor is digital you will need to have the iginition on before you turn the wheels.

Is this pattern an analogue or digital pattern?

This is the analogue pattern.

Using the frequency scale on a multi-meter. Turn the wheel at proximately the same speed as in the above test. Note the frequency and compare it to the graph you drew above.

Frequency

F = 1/t

= 1/10ms

= 0.1ms

Observations
There was no missing teeth and its not noisy because the waveform was complete and not broken.

On Car Exercises

On the vehicle that you have been assigned identify the following components to your tutor

• Wheel speed sensor
Yes

• ABS control unit
Yes

• ABS modulator
Yes

• ABS pump motor
Yes

• Parking brake switch (if fitted)
Yes

• RPM sensor
Yes

• Foot brake switch
Yes

• Brake booster
Yes

• Main ABS control unit fuse

Yes

Instructor OK? _____________

On Vehicle Testing

LIFTING & SUPPORTING VEHICLES

Student Name: Mohitesh Prasad

Date: 06/09/2010

To safety lift and support a motor vehicle on a flat surface

Vehicle: Mazda

Model: Demio

• Ensure the floor suface is clean and flat
  Yes


• Apply the parking brake; slacken wheel nuts of wheels to be removed
Yes


• Identify a safe vehicle chassis member to lift the vehicle using the jack
Yes


• Lift the jack until it is touching the chassis member
Yes


• Release the parking brake to allow the vehicle to roll while lifting
Yes


• Recheck the location of the jack before lifting the wheels off the ground
Yes


• Locate axle stands in a safe position on solid vehicle member
Yes


• Have your tutor check before lowering the jack
Yes


• Lower the jack slowly until the vehicle is supported by the stands

Yes

Tutor Check ___________________

To safely lower the vehicle to the ground after being supported on axle stands:

• Ensure all wheels and nuts are located before removing vehicle stands
Yes


• Lower the vehicle gently to the floor
Yes


• Apply parking brake
Yes


• Torque and check wheel tightness
Yes


• Have your tutor check the vehicle

Yes

ABS Pump Relay Waveform

Capture a waveform that shows both the control circuit change when it turns on the relay, and the power switching on to power the ABS Pump. (Use a oscilloscope with two channels to capture this pattern. You may have to carefully set the trigger to capture this.)

Record the waveform below with the time and volts per division.

Y - Axis = Voltage on the switching circuit of the Relay

X - Axis = Time caught in 200ms intervals

Explain with arrows what is happeing in the waveform above.

The Pump Relay switches after 800ms. The Pump Motor then receives a 12v supply at the switching circuit, activating the pump. The Pump then turns off after 200ms and slowly reduces its voltage.

Observe what happens during the ABS Self Test when you first turn the key on. Watch the warning lights, and observe power at the wires with the oscilloscope. Then discuss what is happeing in the ABS system during the Self Test.

As I turn on the key the warning lamp comes up therefore it is doing self test and goes off when everything is clear. The system relay switch closes and voltage pass to Motor Pump Relay and Power at the pump jumps to 12v and then after a few seconds switches off and voltage at the pump goes back to 0v. The lamp then goes off indicating that everything is fire with the ABS.

Create a fault in the system by slowing down a wheel speed sensor or safely shorting out an inductive wheel speed sensor while you are applying the brakes. (Don't short out a Hall Effect or Magneto-Resistive sensor) As you are applying the brakes, notice if the ABS pumps turns on, solenoids turn on, or if the hydraulic pressure changes in one of the brake circuits and shows up on the pressure gauge. Discuss what is happening below:

To make the rotor slow down I manually had to create friction against the rotor. I hold the rotor with my finger before turning on the machine because if I hold after I may hurt my finger. I hold the rotor tight so it doesn't move when I turn on the machine then I realised that the pump did not do self test till I slowly release the brakes so the pump could do self test and goes off before locking the rotor.

Catch an oscilloscope pattern when an ABS solenoid has actuated. What is the pin and name of the solenoid?

How did you do it?

The solenoid wires are 1 Blue ,3 Grey ,5 Green and 7 Yellow .

The solenoids operates as the relay is operated.

Draw the oscilloscope pattern below. Note the time and voltage per division.

Relay Waveform

Capture a waveform that shows both the control circuit change when it turns on the relay, and the power switching on to power something in the ABS system. (Use an oscilloscope with two channels to capture this pattern. You may have to carefully set the trigger to capture this.)

Record the waveform below with the time and volts per division, and explain what you are measuring.

In this experiment when the ABS is switched off, I measured the voltage upon system relay control circuit using oscilloscope and recorded 0.5 volts at 86 whereas 0v at 30. This wiring diagram illustrates that the 86 and 85 is the control circuit whereas 30 and 87 is the switch circuit. According to the diagram 30 is the negative terminal of the switch and 87 is the positive, therefore it is the reverse in this course. Now without the power running when I measure at 86 the switch is not activated which gives the reading of 0V at pin 30. As I turn on the power the voltage at pin number 86 reads 12v as well as pin number 30 therefore it indicates that my the switch is working.

Explain with arrows what is happening in the waveform above.

According to the experiment to switch "on" the relay the circuit must have certain amount of voltage inorder to switch "on" the relay. The switching circuit is 0V when there is no power passing through control circuit. As I switch the ABS on after 200ms, switch closes and voltage pass through circuit switch. There was also voltage drop for 10v at 50ms and then increased to 13v, this happened due to pump self test switching "on" and then "off".

ABS Relays

Wiring diagram of the opel car

Record the name of the relay or switch that powers up the ABS ECU:

K-38

Record the name of the relay or switch that powers up the ABS pump:

K - 100

Record the name of the relay or switch that sends power to the ABS HCU solenoids:

K - 39

Relay wire identification

White/Pink

What is the ECU pin number for the wire that brings inthe power to the ABS ECU?

Pin 1

What is the ECU pin number, or other number, for the wire that controls the relay for the ABS ECU?

Pin 27

What is the pin number for the wire that brings in the power to the ABS Pump?

Pin 14

What is the Pin number, or other number, for the wire that controls the relay for the ABS Pump?

Pin 28